Phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and mineral elements of honey produced by four different species of Malaysian stingless bees

This study investigated the phytochemical composition of honey from four species Malaysian stingless bee i,e. Tetragonula laeviceps, Geniotrigona thoracica, Lepidotrigona terminata, as well Heterotrigona itama. The measured was total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), antioxidant activity, pH, colour intensity, and mineral element analysis i.e. Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na). production by L. terminata had highest TPC value (6.74±0.57 mg GAE/100 g FW) while T. laeviceps possesses TFC (14.85±3.71 QE/100 FW). In activity measurement, H. itama obtained percentage 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition (29.52±0.45%) displayed in Ferric reducing power (FRAP) (0.95±0.013 abs). distinct species’ intensity demonstrated variation range 0.09-0.23 abs mAU. All pH values (4.75-5.03) within acidic medium. Mg is major all samples which followed Na, Ca, K, Zn.